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The long 19th century is a term coined for the period between the years 1789 and 1914 by Russian literary critic and author Ilya Ehrenburg and British Marxist historian and author Eric Hobsbawm.

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The Treaty of Versailles of 1871 ended the Franco-Prussian War and was signed by Adolphe Thiers, of the French Third Republic, and Otto von Bismarck, of the German Empire on 26 February 1871.

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The Korean War was a war between North Korea and South Korea. The fighting ended on 27 July 1953, when an armistice was signed.

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Carolingian dynasty (750—987) named for Charles (Carolus) Martel that replaced Merovingians as kings of the Franks.

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Like all pre-industrial societies, medieval Europe had a predominantly agricultural economy. The basic economic unit was the manor, managed by its lord and his officials.

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The Kennedy administration had been publicly embarrassed by the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion in May 1961, which had been launched under President John F.

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Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death on 21 April 1509. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.