Solution:
Lava solidifies to form Basalt. Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock which is formed by rapid cooling of basaltic lava which is exposed near the surface of Earth. Basalt is a fine-grained, hard rock which forms when bits of lava shoot out of volcanoes. It forms when lava reaches the Earth's surface near an active volcano.

Solution:
Lowest temperature is recorded in Verkhoyansk. In January the average temperature is minus 56° Fahrenheit (minus 48.9° Celsius) and mean monthly temperatures stay below freezing from October through April. In 1892, residents recorded the still all-time low of minus 90° Fahrenheit (minus 67.8° Celsius).

Solution:
Hammada is the name given to A stony desert. Rocky deserts are also known as Hamada. HAMMADA IS AN Arabic word used to describe “desert pavement.” The deserts of the world that have sand dunes capture the imagination, but many of the world's desert areas are bleak, stony deserts.

Solution:
The International Date Line is 180° longitude. The 180° line on the globe is the basis for the International Date Line. The 180° line of longitude, which runs from west to east, on the globe indicates the meridian which divides the Earth to north and south parts.

Solution:
The Seventeenth parallel was the provisional military demarcation line between North and South Vietnam established by the Geneva Accords of 1954.

Solution:
The construction of Panama Canal in 1913 eliminated the long and hazardous voyage Round the stormy Cape Horn. Cape Horn has long been known as a sailor's graveyard due to the strong winds and currents, large waves and icebergs.

Solution:
A hinterland is an area behind a seaport that supplies the bulk of the exports. Hinterland, also called Umland, tributary region, either rural or urban or both, that is closely linked economically with a nearby town or city.