Solution:
Soil is often considered an abiotic factor since it is mostly made up of small particles of rock (sand and clay) mixed with decomposed plants and animals. Plants use their roots to get water and nutrients from the soil.

Solution:
If you want to keep an object cool while exposed to direct sunlight, wrap it in aluminum foil with the shiny side facing outward.

Solution:
Ecology is the branch of biology, that deals with the inter-relationships amongst organism and interactions between organisms and their environment.

Solution:
Germ layer, any of three primary cell layers, formed in the earliest stages of embryonic development, consisting of the endoderm (inner layer), the ectoderm (outer layer), and the mesoderm (middle layer).

Solution:
If the average temperature of the sun increased, the wavelength of peak solar emission would decrease.

Solution:
Primary consumers are animals that eat primary producers; they are also called herbivores (plant-eaters). Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. They are carnivores (meat-eaters) and omnivores (animals that eat both animals and plants).

Solution:
None of the above