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Eutrophication or dystrophication or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae. This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body after the bacterial degradation of the algae. One example is an "algal bloom" or great increase of phytoplankton in a pond, lake, river or coastal zone as a response to increased levels of nutrients.

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Soap helps to lower the surface tension of solution, thus soap get stick to the dust particles and grease and these are removed by action of water.

Solution:
Asbestos is formed of Calcium and Magnesium.

Solution:
Copper forms a rich variety of compounds with oxidation states +1 and +2, which are often called cuprous and cupric, respectively. It does not react with water, but it slowly reacts with atmospheric oxygen forming a layer of brown-black copper oxide. In contrast to the oxidation of iron by wet air, this oxide layer stops the further, bulk corrosion. A green layer of verdigris (copper carbonate) can often be seen on old copper constructions, such as the Statue of Liberty, the largest copper statue in the world built using repoussé and chasing. Hydrogen sulphides and sulphides react with copper to form various copper sulphides on the surface. In the latter case, the copper corrodes, as is seen when copper is exposed to air containing sulfur compounds. Oxygen-containing ammonia solutions give water-soluble complexes with copper, as do oxygen and hydrochloric acid to form copper chlorides and acidified hydrogen peroxide to form copper(II) salts. Copper(II) chloride and copper combine to form copper(I) chloride.

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Sodium metabisulphite is used as a preservative to protect processed food.

Solution:
Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the so-called greenhouse effect, a warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and other greenhouse gases.

Solution:
The absolute temperature of a gas is doubled and the pressure is reduced to half, the volume of the gas will increase four-fold.