Solution:
Although ozone (O3) is present in small concentrations throughout the atmosphere, most ozone (about 90%) exists in the stratosphere, in a layer between 10 and 50 km above the surface of the earth. This ozone layer performs the essential task of filtering out most of the sun's biologically harmful UV radiation.

Solution:
Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is commonly an unwanted by-product of fires (including stoves, candles, oil lamps, and fireplaces), but may also be used for pest control (cf. fumigation), communication (smoke signals), defensive and offensive capabilities in the military (smokescreen), cooking (smoked salmon), or smoking (tobacco, cannabis, etc.). Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death in victims of indoor fires. The smoke kills by a combination of thermal damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation caused by carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other combustion products.

Solution:
Iron is extracted from Haematite.

Solution:
1 carat of diamond is equal to 200 mg.

Solution:
In 1828, german chemist Wohler prepared urea in a laboratory from ammonium cyanate. This was the first organic compound synthesized artificially from inorganic materials.

Solution:
Carbon monoxide is the major harmful gas emitted by the automobile vehicles which causes air pollution. Carbon monoxide (CO) - A product of incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen; overexposure (carbon monoxide poisoning) may be fatal. Carbon Monoxide poisoning is a major killer. Carbon monoxide is a temporary atmospheric pollutant in some urban areas, chiefly from the exhaust of internal combustion engines (including vehicles, portable and back-up generators, lawn mowers, power washers, etc.), but also from incomplete combustion of various other fuels (including wood, coal, charcoal, oil, paraffin, propane, natural gas, and trash). Carbon monoxide is, along with aldehydes, part of the series of cycles of chemical reactions that form photochemical smog

Solution:
Particulate matter consists of millions of tiny particles of diverse chemical composition. Particulate matter from tobacco smoke includes many particles in the size range that reflects light, which explains why tobacco smoke is easily seen by the eye. In contrast to smoke particles, gases emitted by the cigarette such as benzene and carbon monoxide (CO) are invisible to the eye. Particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) are major components of cigarette smoke and can enter deep into the lung where they can cause serious health problems. The pollutants generated by the cigarette arise from the chemical process of burning organic matter, or combustion of tobacco and paper. Combustion processes, such as wood burning or waste incineration, emit thousands of pollutants, some of which are in the gas phase and some of which are in the form of small particles called particulate matter.