Solution:
When transforming a sentence from direct to indirect speech, several changes are made, including adjustments in tense, pronouns, and time expressions. In this case, "It was raining heavily" needs to be changed to a past perfect continuous tense to reflect the earlier time frame implied by "when they came out of the theatre."
Option A: "It was raining heavily" is changed to "it was raining heavily," but the tense remains the same, and "when they had come out of the theatre" uses the past perfect tense unnecessarily.
Option B: "It was raining heavily" is correctly changed to "it had been raining heavily" to indicate past perfect continuous tense, and "when they came out of the theatre" maintains the correct tense.
Option C: "It rained" simplifies the tense but does not convey the continuous aspect indicated by "was raining heavily."
Option D: Similar to option A, it unnecessarily uses the past perfect tense for "when they had come out of the theatre."
Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: They said that it had been raining heavily, when they came out of the theatre.
Solution:
The given direct speech is: "What a cold day!"
To convert this into indirect speech, we need to consider the reporting verb, which is "He said to her."
In indirect speech, the reporting verb "said" changes to "told," and the exclamation changes to "exclaimed."
Also, the pronoun "her" changes to "her."
Now, we need to change the tense of the reported speech according to the rules of indirect speech. The exclamation "What a cold day!" does not have a direct equivalent in reported speech. So, we need to express the same idea using an exclamation or a suitable expression of emotion.
Among the options given, option D "He exclaimed that it was a very cold day." fits the best, as it uses the reporting verb "exclaimed" and adds the intensity of "very" to convey the idea of the speaker's surprise or emotion about the cold day.
Hence, the correct answer is Option D.
138. The Captain commanded his men to stand at ease.
